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Table of content
Copyright
Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Changes from the Second Edition
Using This Book
Source Code and Errata Availability
Acknowledgments
Part 1: Introduction and TCP/IP
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A Simple Daytime Client
1.3 Protocol Independence
1.4 Error Handling: Wrapper Functions
1.5 A Simple Daytime Server
1.6 Roadmap to Client/Server Examples in the Text
1.7 OSI Model
1.8 BSD Networking History
1.9 Test Networks and Hosts
1.10 Unix Standards
1.11 64-Bit Architectures
1.12 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2. The Transport Layer: TCP, UDP, and SCTP
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Big Picture
2.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
2.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
2.6 TCP Connection Establishment and Termination
2.7 TIME_WAIT State
2.8 SCTP Association Establishment and Termination
2.9 Port Numbers
2.10 TCP Port Numbers and Concurrent Servers
2.11 Buffer Sizes and Limitations
2.12 Standard Internet Services
2.13 Protocol Usage by Common Internet Applications
2.14 Summary
Exercises
Part 2: Elementary Sockets
Chapter 3. Sockets Introduction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Socket Address Structures
3.3 Value-Result Arguments
3.4 Byte Ordering Functions
3.5 Byte Manipulation Functions
3.6 'inet_aton', 'inet_addr', and 'inet_ntoa' Functions
3.7 'inet_pton' and 'inet_ntop' Functions
3.8 'sock_ntop' and Related Functions
3.9 'readn', 'writen', and 'readline' Functions
3.10 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 4. Elementary TCP Sockets
4.1 Introduction
4.2 'socket' Function
4.3 'connect' Function
4.4 'bind' Function
4.5 'listen' Function
4.6 'accept' Function
4.7 'fork' and 'exec' Functions
4.8 Concurrent Servers
4.9 'close' Function
4.10 'getsockname' and 'getpeername' Functions
4.11 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 5. TCP Client/Server Example
5.1 Introduction
5.2 TCP Echo Server: 'main' Function
5.3 TCP Echo Server: 'str_echo' Function
5.4 TCP Echo Client: 'main' Function
5.5 TCP Echo Client: 'str_cli' Function
5.6 Normal Startup
5.7 Normal Termination
5.8 POSIX Signal Handling
5.9 Handling 'SIGCHLD' Signals
5.10 'wait' and 'waitpid' Functions
5.11 Connection Abort before 'accept' Returns
5.12 Termination of Server Process
5.13 'SIGPIPE' Signal
5.14 Crashing of Server Host
5.15 Crashing and Rebooting of Server Host
5.16 Shutdown of Server Host
5.17 Summary of TCP Example
5.18 Data Format
5.19 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 6. I/O Multiplexing: The 'select' and 'poll' Functions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 I/O Models
6.3 'select' Function
6.4 'str_cli' Function (Revisited)
6.5 Batch Input and Buffering
6.6 'shutdown' Function
6.7 'str_cli' Function (Revisited Again)
6.8 TCP Echo Server (Revisited)
6.9 'pselect' Function
6.10 'poll' Function
6.11 TCP Echo Server (Revisited Again)
6.12 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 7. Socket Options
7.1 Introduction
7.2 'getsockopt' and 'setsockopt' Functions
7.3 Checking if an Option Is Supported and Obtaining the Default
7.4 Socket States
7.5 Generic Socket Options
7.6 IPv4 Socket Options
7.7 ICMPv6 Socket Option
7.8 IPv6 Socket Options
7.9 TCP Socket Options
7.10 SCTP Socket Options
7.11 'fcntl' Function
7.12 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 8. Elementary UDP Sockets
8.1 Introduction
8.2 'recvfrom' and 'sendto' Functions
8.3 UDP Echo Server: 'main' Function
8.4 UDP Echo Server: 'dg_echo' Function
8.5 UDP Echo Client: 'main' Function
8.6 UDP Echo Client: 'dg_cli' Function
8.7 Lost Datagrams
8.8 Verifying Received Response
8.9 Server Not Running
8.10 Summary of UDP Example
8.11 'connect' Function with UDP
8.12 'dg_cli' Function (Revisited)
8.13 Lack of Flow Control with UDP
8.14 Determining Outgoing Interface with UDP
8.15 TCP and UDP Echo Server Using 'select'
8.16 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 9. Elementary SCTP Sockets
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Interface Models
9.3 'sctp_bindx' Function
9.4 'sctp_connectx' Function
9.5 'sctp_getpaddrs' Function
9.6 'sctp_freepaddrs' Function
9.7 'sctp_getladdrs' Function
9.8 'sctp_freeladdrs' Function
9.9 'sctp_sendmsg' Function
9.10 'sctp_recvmsg' Function
9.11 'sctp_opt_info' Function
9.12 'sctp_peeloff' Function
9.13 'shutdown' Function
9.14 Notifications
9.15 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 10. SCTP Client/Server Example
10.1 Introduction
10.2 SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Server: 'main' Function
10.3 SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Client: 'main' Function
10.4 SCTP Streaming Echo Client: 'str_cli' Function
10.5 Exploring Head-of-Line Blocking
10.6 Controlling the Number of Streams
10.7 Controlling Termination
10.8 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 11. Name and Address Conversions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Domain Name System (DNS)
11.3 'gethostbyname' Function
11.4 'gethostbyaddr' Function
11.5 'getservbyname' and 'getservbyport' Functions
11.6 'getaddrinfo' Function
11.7 'gai_strerror' Function
11.8 'freeaddrinfo' Function
11.9 'getaddrinfo' Function: IPv6
11.10 'getaddrinfo' Function: Examples
11.11 'host_serv' Function
11.12 'tcp_connect' Function
11.13 'tcp_listen' Function
11.14 'udp_client' Function
11.15 'udp_connect' Function
11.16 'udp_server' Function
11.17 'getnameinfo' Function
11.18 Re-entrant Functions
11.19 'gethostbyname_r' and 'gethostbyaddr_r' Functions
11.20 Obsolete IPv6 Address Lookup Functions
11.21 Other Networking Information
11.22 Summary
Exercises
Part 3: Advanced Sockets
Chapter 12. IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 IPv4 Client, IPv6 Server
12.3 IPv6 Client, IPv4 Server
12.4 IPv6 Address-Testing Macros
12.5 Source Code Portability
12.6 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 13. Daemon Processes and the 'inetd' Superserver
13.1 Introduction
13.2 'syslogd' Daemon
13.3 'syslog' Function
13.4 'daemon_init' Function
13.5 'inetd' Daemon
13.6 'daemon_inetd' Function
13.7 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 14. Advanced I/O Functions
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Socket Timeouts
14.3 'recv' and 'send' Functions
14.4 'readv' and 'writev' Functions
14.5 'recvmsg' and 'sendmsg' Functions
14.6 Ancillary Data
14.7 How Much Data Is Queued?
14.8 Sockets and Standard I/O
14.9 Advanced Polling
14.10 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 15. Unix Domain Protocols
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Unix Domain Socket Address Structure
15.3 'socketpair' Function
15.4 Socket Functions
15.5 Unix Domain Stream Client/Server
15.6 Unix Domain Datagram Client/Server
15.7 Passing Descriptors
15.8 Receiving Sender Credentials
15.9 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 16. Nonblocking I/O
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Nonblocking Reads and Writes: 'str_cli' Function (Revisited)
16.3 Nonblocking 'connect'
16.4 Nonblocking 'connect:' Daytime Client
16.5 Nonblocking 'connect:' Web Client
16.6 Nonblocking 'accept'
16.7 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 17. 'ioctl' Operations
17.1 Introduction
17.2 'ioctl' Function
17.3 Socket Operations
17.4 File Operations
17.5 Interface Configuration
17.6 'get_ifi_info' Function
17.7 Interface Operations
17.8 ARP Cache Operations
17.9 Routing Table Operations
17.10 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 18. Routing Sockets
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Datalink Socket Address Structure
18.3 Reading and Writing
18.4 'sysctl' Operations
18.5 'get_ifi_info' Function (Revisited)
18.6 Interface Name and Index Functions
18.7 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 19. Key Management Sockets
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Reading and Writing
19.3 Dumping the Security Association Database (SADB)
19.4 Creating a Static Security Association (SA)
19.5 Dynamically Maintaining SAs
19.6 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 20. Broadcasting
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Broadcast Addresses
20.3 Unicast versus Broadcast
20.4 'dg_cli' Function Using Broadcasting
20.5 Race Conditions
20.6 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 21. Multicasting
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Multicast Addresses
21.3 Multicasting versus Broadcasting on a LAN
21.4 Multicasting on a WAN
21.5 Source-Specific Multicast
21.6 Multicast Socket Options
21.7 'mcast_join' and Related Functions
21.8 'dg_cli' Function Using Multicasting
21.9 Receiving IP Multicast Infrastructure Session Announcements
21.10 Sending and Receiving
21.11 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
21.12 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 22. Advanced UDP Sockets
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Receiving Flags, Destination IP Address, and Interface Index
22.3 Datagram Truncation
22.4 When to Use UDP Instead of TCP
22.5 Adding Reliability to a UDP Application
22.6 Binding Interface Addresses
22.7 Concurrent UDP Servers
22.8 IPv6 Packet Information
22.9 IPv6 Path MTU Control
22.10 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 23. Advanced SCTP Sockets
23.1 Introduction
23.2 An Autoclosing One-to-Many-Style Server
23.3 Partial Delivery
23.4 Notifications
23.5 Unordered Data
23.6 Binding a Subset of Addresses
23.7 Determining Peer and Local Address Information
23.8 Finding an Association ID Given an IP Address
23.9 Heartbeating and Address Failure
23.10 Peeling Off an Association
23.11 Controlling Timing
23.12 When to Use SCTP Instead of TCP
23.13 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 24. Out-of-Band Data
24.1 Introduction
24.2 TCP Out-of-Band Data
24.3 'sockatmark' Function
24.4 TCP Out-of-Band Data Recap
24.5 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 25. Signal-Driven I/O
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Signal-Driven I/O for Sockets
25.3 UDP Echo Server Using 'SIGIO'
25.4 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 26. Threads
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Basic Thread Functions: Creation and Termination
26.3 'str_cli' Function Using Threads
26.4 TCP Echo Server Using Threads
26.5 Thread-Specific Data
26.6 Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued)
26.7 Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion
26.8 Condition Variables
26.9 Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued)
26.10 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 27. IP Options
27.1 Introduction
27.2 IPv4 Options
27.3 IPv4 Source Route Options
27.4 IPv6 Extension Headers
27.5 IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options and Destination Options
27.6 IPv6 Routing Header
27.7 IPv6 Sticky Options
27.8 Historical IPv6 Advanced API
27.9 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 28. Raw Sockets
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Raw Socket Creation
28.3 Raw Socket Output
28.4 Raw Socket Input
28.5 'ping' Program
28.6 'traceroute' Program
28.7 An ICMP Message Daemon
28.8 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 29. Datalink Access
29.1 Introduction
29.2 BSD Packet Filter (BPF)
29.3 Datalink Provider Interface (DLPI)
29.4 Linux: 'SOCK_PACKET' and 'PF_PACKET'
29.5 'libpcap': Packet Capture Library
29.6 'libnet': Packet Creation and Injection Library
29.7 Examining the UDP Checksum Field
29.8 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 30. Client/Server Design Alternatives
30.1 Introduction
30.2 TCP Client Alternatives
30.3 TCP Test Client
30.4 TCP Iterative Server
30.5 TCP Concurrent Server, One Child per Client
30.6 TCP Preforked Server, No Locking Around 'accept'
30.7 TCP Preforked Server, File Locking Around 'accept'
30.8 TCP Preforked Server, Thread Locking Around 'accept'
30.9 TCP Preforked Server, Descriptor Passing
30.10 TCP Concurrent Server, One Thread per Client
30.11 TCP Prethreaded Server, per-Thread 'accept'
30.12 TCP Prethreaded Server, Main Thread 'accept'
30.13 Summary
Exercises
Chapter 31. Streams
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Overview
31.3 'getmsg' and 'putmsg' Functions
31.4 'getpmsg' and 'putpmsg' Functions
31.5 'ioctl' Function
31.6 Transport Provider Interface (TPI)
31.7 Summary
Exercises
Appendix A. IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, and ICMPv6
A.1 Introduction
A.2 IPv4 Header
A.3 IPv6 Header
A.4 IPv4 Addresses
A.5 IPv6 Addresses
A.6 Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMPv4 and ICMPv6)
Appendix B. Virtual Networks
B.1 Introduction
B.2 The MBone
B.3 The 6bone
B.4 IPv6 Transition: 6to4
Appendix C. Debugging Techniques
C.1 System Call Tracing
C.2 Standard Internet Services
C.3 'sock' Program
C.4 Small Test Programs
C.5 'tcpdump' Program
C.6 'netstat' Program
C.7 'lsof' Program
Appendix D. Miscellaneous Source Code
D.1 'unp.h' Header
D.2 'config.h' Header
D.3 Standard Error Functions
Appendix E. Solutions to Selected Exercises
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Bibliography
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鈥?nbsp; Table of Contents
UNIX庐 Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking API
By W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff
 
Publisher : Addison Wesley
Pub Date : November 21, 2003
ISBN : 0-13-141155-1
Pages : 1024


    Copyright
    Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series
    Foreword
    Preface
      Introduction
      Changes from the Second Edition
      Using This Book
      Source Code and Errata Availability
      Acknowledgments
    Part 1:  Introduction and TCP/IP
        Chapter 1.  Introduction
      Section 1.1.  Introduction
      Section 1.2.  A Simple Daytime Client
      Section 1.3.  Protocol Independence
      Section 1.4.  Error Handling: Wrapper Functions
      Section 1.5.  A Simple Daytime Server
      Section 1.6.  Roadmap to Client/Server Examples in the Text
      Section 1.7.  OSI Model
      Section 1.8.  BSD Networking History
      Section 1.9.  Test Networks and Hosts
      Section 1.10.  Unix Standards
      Section 1.11.  64-Bit Architectures
      Section 1.12.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 2.  The Transport Layer: TCP, UDP, and SCTP
      Section 2.1.  Introduction
      Section 2.2.  The Big Picture
      Section 2.3.  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
      Section 2.4.  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
      Section 2.5.  Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
      Section 2.6.  TCP Connection Establishment and Termination
      Section 2.7.  TIME_WAIT State
      Section 2.8.  SCTP Association Establishment and Termination
      Section 2.9.  Port Numbers
      Section 2.10.  TCP Port Numbers and Concurrent Servers
      Section 2.11.  Buffer Sizes and Limitations
      Section 2.12.  Standard Internet Services
      Section 2.13.  Protocol Usage by Common Internet Applications
      Section 2.14.  Summary
      Exercises
    Part 2:  Elementary Sockets
        Chapter 3.  Sockets Introduction
      Section 3.1.  Introduction
      Section 3.2.  Socket Address Structures
      Section 3.3.  Value-Result Arguments
      Section 3.4.  Byte Ordering Functions
      Section 3.5.  Byte Manipulation Functions
      Section 3.6.  inet_aton, inet_addr, and inet_ntoa Functions
      Section 3.7.  inet_pton and inet_ntop Functions
      Section 3.8.  sock_ntop and Related Functions
      Section 3.9.  readn, writen, and readline Functions
      Section 3.10.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 4.  Elementary TCP Sockets
      Section 4.1.  Introduction
      Section 4.2.  socket Function
      Section 4.3.  connect Function
      Section 4.4.  bind Function
      Section 4.5.  listen Function
      Section 4.6.  accept Function
      Section 4.7.  fork and exec Functions
      Section 4.8.  Concurrent Servers
      Section 4.9.  close Function
      Section 4.10.  getsockname and getpeername Functions
      Section 4.11.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 5.  TCP Client/Server Example
      Section 5.1.  Introduction
      Section 5.2.  TCP Echo Server: main Function
      Section 5.3.  TCP Echo Server: str_echo Function
      Section 5.4.  TCP Echo Client: main Function
      Section 5.5.  TCP Echo Client: str_cli Function
      Section 5.6.  Normal Startup
      Section 5.7.  Normal Termination
      Section 5.8.  POSIX Signal Handling
      Section 5.9.  Handling SIGCHLD Signals
      Section 5.10.  wait and waitpid Functions
      Section 5.11.  Connection Abort before accept Returns
      Section 5.12.  Termination of Server Process
      Section 5.13.  SIGPIPE Signal
      Section 5.14.  Crashing of Server Host
      Section 5.15.  Crashing and Rebooting of Server Host
      Section 5.16.  Shutdown of Server Host
      Section 5.17.  Summary of TCP Example
      Section 5.18.  Data Format
      Section 5.19.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 6.  I/O Multiplexing: The select and poll Functions
      Section 6.1.  Introduction
      Section 6.2.  I/O Models
      Section 6.3.  select Function
      Section 6.4.  str_cli Function (Revisited)
      Section 6.5.  Batch Input and Buffering
      Section 6.6.  shutdown Function
      Section 6.7.  str_cli Function (Revisited Again)
      Section 6.8.  TCP Echo Server (Revisited)
      Section 6.9.  pselect Function
      Section 6.10.  poll Function
      Section 6.11.  TCP Echo Server (Revisited Again)
      Section 6.12.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 7.  Socket Options
      Section 7.1.  Introduction
      Section 7.2.  getsockopt and setsockopt Functions
      Section 7.3.  Checking if an Option Is Supported and Obtaining the Default
      Section 7.4.  Socket States
      Section 7.5.  Generic Socket Options
      Section 7.6.  IPv4 Socket Options
      Section 7.7.  ICMPv6 Socket Option
      Section 7.8.  IPv6 Socket Options
      Section 7.9.  TCP Socket Options
      Section 7.10.  SCTP Socket Options
      Section 7.11.  fcntl Function
      Section 7.12.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 8.  Elementary UDP Sockets
      Section 8.1.  Introduction
      Section 8.2.  recvfrom and sendto Functions
      Section 8.3.  UDP Echo Server: main Function
      Section 8.4.  UDP Echo Server: dg_echo Function
      Section 8.5.  UDP Echo Client: main Function
      Section 8.6.  UDP Echo Client: dg_cli Function
      Section 8.7.  Lost Datagrams
      Section 8.8.  Verifying Received Response
      Section 8.9.  Server Not Running
      Section 8.10.  Summary of UDP Example
      Section 8.11.  connect Function with UDP
      Section 8.12.  dg_cli Function (Revisited)
      Section 8.13.  Lack of Flow Control with UDP
      Section 8.14.  Determining Outgoing Interface with UDP
      Section 8.15.  TCP and UDP Echo Server Using select
      Section 8.16.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 9.  Elementary SCTP Sockets
      Section 9.1.  Introduction
      Section 9.2.  Interface Models
      Section 9.3.  sctp_bindx Function
      Section 9.4.  sctp_connectx Function
      Section 9.5.  sctp_getpaddrs Function
      Section 9.6.  sctp_freepaddrs Function
      Section 9.7.  sctp_getladdrs Function
      Section 9.8.  sctp_freeladdrs Function
      Section 9.9.  sctp_sendmsg Function
      Section 9.10.  sctp_recvmsg Function
      Section 9.11.  sctp_opt_info Function
      Section 9.12.  sctp_peeloff Function
      Section 9.13.  shutdown Function
      Section 9.14.  Notifications
      Section 9.15.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 10.  SCTP Client/Server Example
      Section 10.1.  Introduction
      Section 10.2.  SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Server: main Function
      Section 10.3.  SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Client: main Function
      Section 10.4.  SCTP Streaming Echo Client: str_cli Function
      Section 10.5.  Exploring Head-of-Line Blocking
      Section 10.6.  Controlling the Number of Streams
      Section 10.7.  Controlling Termination
      Section 10.8.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 11.  Name and Address Conversions
      Section 11.1.  Introduction
      Section 11.2.  Domain Name System (DNS)
      Section 11.3.  gethostbyname Function
      Section 11.4.  gethostbyaddr Function
      Section 11.5.  getservbyname and getservbyport Functions
      Section 11.6.  getaddrinfo Function
      Section 11.7.  gai_strerror Function
      Section 11.8.  freeaddrinfo Function
      Section 11.9.  getaddrinfo Function: IPv6
      Section 11.10.  getaddrinfo Function: Examples
      Section 11.11.  host_serv Function
      Section 11.12.  tcp_connect Function
      Section 11.13.  tcp_listen Function
      Section 11.14.  udp_client Function
      Section 11.15.  udp_connect Function
      Section 11.16.  udp_server Function
      Section 11.17.  getnameinfo Function
      Section 11.18.  Re-entrant Functions
      Section 11.19.  gethostbyname_r and gethostbyaddr_r Functions
      Section 11.20.  Obsolete IPv6 Address Lookup Functions
      Section 11.21.  Other Networking Information
      Section 11.22.  Summary
      Exercises
    Part 3:  Advanced Sockets
        Chapter 12.  IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability
      Section 12.1.  Introduction
      Section 12.2.  IPv4 Client, IPv6 Server
      Section 12.3.  IPv6 Client, IPv4 Server
      Section 12.4.  IPv6 Address-Testing Macros
      Section 12.5.  Source Code Portability
      Section 12.6.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 13.  Daemon Processes and the inetd Superserver
      Section 13.1.  Introduction
      Section 13.2.  syslogd Daemon
      Section 13.3.  syslog Function
      Section 13.4.  daemon_init Function
      Section 13.5.  inetd Daemon
      Section 13.6.  daemon_inetd Function
      Section 13.7.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 14.  Advanced I/O Functions
      Section 14.1.  Introduction
      Section 14.2.  Socket Timeouts
      Section 14.3.  recv and send Functions
      Section 14.4.  readv and writev Functions
      Section 14.5.  recvmsg and sendmsg Functions
      Section 14.6.  Ancillary Data
      Section 14.7.  How Much Data Is Queued?
      Section 14.8.  Sockets and Standard I/O
      Section 14.9.  Advanced Polling
      Section 14.10.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 15.  Unix Domain Protocols
      Section 15.1.  Introduction
      Section 15.2.  Unix Domain Socket Address Structure
      Section 15.3.  socketpair Function
      Section 15.4.  Socket Functions
      Section 15.5.  Unix Domain Stream Client/Server
      Section 15.6.  Unix Domain Datagram Client/Server
      Section 15.7.  Passing Descriptors
      Section 15.8.  Receiving Sender Credentials
      Section 15.9.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 16.  Nonblocking I/O
      Section 16.1.  Introduction
      Section 16.2.  Nonblocking Reads and Writes: str_cli Function (Revisited)
      Section 16.3.  Nonblocking connect
      Section 16.4.  Nonblocking connect: Daytime Client
      Section 16.5.  Nonblocking connect: Web Client
      Section 16.6.  Nonblocking accept
      Section 16.7.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 17.  ioctl Operations
      Section 17.1.  Introduction
      Section 17.2.  ioctl Function
      Section 17.3.  Socket Operations
      Section 17.4.  File Operations
      Section 17.5.  Interface Configuration
      Section 17.6.  get_ifi_info Function
      Section 17.7.  Interface Operations
      Section 17.8.  ARP Cache Operations
      Section 17.9.  Routing Table Operations
      Section 17.10.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 18.  Routing Sockets
      Section 18.1.  Introduction
      Section 18.2.  Datalink Socket Address Structure
      Section 18.3.  Reading and Writing
      Section 18.4.  sysctl Operations
      Section 18.5.  get_ifi_info Function (Revisited)
      Section 18.6.  Interface Name and Index Functions
      Section 18.7.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 19.  Key Management Sockets
      Section 19.1.  Introduction
      Section 19.2.  Reading and Writing
      Section 19.3.  Dumping the Security Association Database (SADB)
      Section 19.4.  Creating a Static Security Association (SA)
      Section 19.5.  Dynamically Maintaining SAs
      Section 19.6.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 20.  Broadcasting
      Section 20.1.  Introduction
      Section 20.2.  Broadcast Addresses
      Section 20.3.  Unicast versus Broadcast
      Section 20.4.  dg_cli Function Using Broadcasting
      Section 20.5.  Race Conditions
      Section 20.6.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 21.  Multicasting
      Section 21.1.  Introduction
      Section 21.2.  Multicast Addresses
      Section 21.3.  Multicasting versus Broadcasting on a LAN
      Section 21.4.  Multicasting on a WAN
      Section 21.5.  Source-Specific Multicast
      Section 21.6.  Multicast Socket Options
      Section 21.7.  mcast_join and Related Functions
      Section 21.8.  dg_cli Function Using Multicasting
      Section 21.9.  Receiving IP Multicast Infrastructure Session Announcements
      Section 21.10.  Sending and Receiving
      Section 21.11.  Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
      Section 21.12.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 22.  Advanced UDP Sockets
      Section 22.1.  Introduction
      Section 22.2.  Receiving Flags, Destination IP Address, and Interface Index
      Section 22.3.  Datagram Truncation
      Section 22.4.  When to Use UDP Instead of TCP
      Section 22.5.  Adding Reliability to a UDP Application
      Section 22.6.  Binding Interface Addresses
      Section 22.7.  Concurrent UDP Servers
      Section 22.8.  IPv6 Packet Information
      Section 22.9.  IPv6 Path MTU Control
      Section 22.10.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 23.  Advanced SCTP Sockets
      Section 23.1.  Introduction
      Section 23.2.  An Autoclosing One-to-Many-Style Server
      Section 23.3.  Partial Delivery
      Section 23.4.  Notifications
      Section 23.5.  Unordered Data
      Section 23.6.  Binding a Subset of Addresses
      Section 23.7.  Determining Peer and Local Address Information
      Section 23.8.  Finding an Association ID Given an IP Address
      Section 23.9.  Heartbeating and Address Failure
      Section 23.10.  Peeling Off an Association
      Section 23.11.  Controlling Timing
      Section 23.12.  When to Use SCTP Instead of TCP
      Section 23.13.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 24.  Out-of-Band Data
      Section 24.1.  Introduction
      Section 24.2.  TCP Out-of-Band Data
      Section 24.3.  sockatmark Function
      Section 24.4.  TCP Out-of-Band Data Recap
      Section 24.5.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 25.  Signal-Driven I/O
      Section 25.1.  Introduction
      Section 25.2.  Signal-Driven I/O for Sockets
      Section 25.3.  UDP Echo Server Using SIGIO
      Section 25.4.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 26.  Threads
      Section 26.1.  Introduction
      Section 26.2.  Basic Thread Functions: Creation and Termination
      Section 26.3.  str_cli Function Using Threads
      Section 26.4.  TCP Echo Server Using Threads
      Section 26.5.  Thread-Specific Data
      Section 26.6.  Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued)
      Section 26.7.  Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion
      Section 26.8.  Condition Variables
      Section 26.9.  Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued)
      Section 26.10.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 27.  IP Options
      Section 27.1.  Introduction
      Section 27.2.  IPv4 Options
      Section 27.3.  IPv4 Source Route Options
      Section 27.4.  IPv6 Extension Headers
      Section 27.5.  IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options and Destination Options
      Section 27.6.  IPv6 Routing Header
      Section 27.7.  IPv6 Sticky Options
      Section 27.8.  Historical IPv6 Advanced API
      Section 27.9.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 28.  Raw Sockets
      Section 28.1.  Introduction
      Section 28.2.  Raw Socket Creation
      Section 28.3.  Raw Socket Output
      Section 28.4.  Raw Socket Input
      Section 28.5.  ping Program
      Section 28.6.  traceroute Program
      Section 28.7.  An ICMP Message Daemon
      Section 28.8.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 29.  Datalink Access
      Section 29.1.  Introduction
      Section 29.2.  BSD Packet Filter (BPF)
      Section 29.3.  Datalink Provider Interface (DLPI)
      Section 29.4.  Linux: SOCK_PACKET and PF_PACKET
      Section 29.5.  libpcap: Packet Capture Library
      Section 29.6.  libnet: Packet Creation and Injection Library
      Section 29.7.  Examining the UDP Checksum Field
      Section 29.8.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 30.  Client/Server Design Alternatives
      Section 30.1.  Introduction
      Section 30.2.  TCP Client Alternatives
      Section 30.3.  TCP Test Client
      Section 30.4.  TCP Iterative Server
      Section 30.5.  TCP Concurrent Server, One Child per Client
      Section 30.6.  TCP Preforked Server, No Locking Around accept
      Section 30.7.  TCP Preforked Server, File Locking Around accept
      Section 30.8.  TCP Preforked Server, Thread Locking Around accept
      Section 30.9.  TCP Preforked Server, Descriptor Passing
      Section 30.10.  TCP Concurrent Server, One Thread per Client
      Section 30.11.  TCP Prethreaded Server, per-Thread accept
      Section 30.12.  TCP Prethreaded Server, Main Thread accept
      Section 30.13.  Summary
      Exercises
        Chapter 31.  Streams
      Section 31.1.  Introduction
      Section 31.2.  Overview
      Section 31.3.  getmsg and putmsg Functions
      Section 31.4.  getpmsg and putpmsg Functions
      Section 31.5.  ioctl Function
      Section 31.6.  Transport Provider Interface (TPI)
      Section 31.7.  Summary
      Exercises
      Appendix A.  IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, and ICMPv6
      Section A.1.  Introduction
      Section A.2.  IPv4 Header
      Section A.3.  IPv6 Header
      Section A.4.  IPv4 Addresses
      Section A.5.  IPv6 Addresses
      Section A.6.  Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMPv4 and ICMPv6)
      Appendix B.  Virtual Networks
      Section B.1.  Introduction
      Section B.2.  The MBone
      Section B.3.  The 6bone
      Section B.4.  IPv6 Transition: 6to4
      Appendix C.  Debugging Techniques
      Section C.1.  System Call Tracing
      Section C.2.  Standard Internet Services
      Section C.3.  sock Program
      Section C.4.  Small Test Programs
      Section C.5.  tcpdump Program
      Section C.6.  netstat Program
      Section C.7.  lsof Program
      Appendix D.  Miscellaneous Source Code
      Section D.1.  unp.h Header
      Section D.2.  config.h Header
      Section D.3.  Standard Error Functions
      Appendix E.  Solutions to Selected Exercises
      Chapter 1
      Chapter 2
      Chapter 3
      Chapter 4
      Chapter 5
      Chapter 6
      Chapter 7
      Chapter 8
      Chapter 9
      Chapter 10
      Chapter 11
      Chapter 12
      Chapter 13
      Chapter 14
      Chapter 15
      Chapter 16
      Chapter 17
      Chapter 18
      Chapter 20
      Chapter 21
      Chapter 22
      Chapter 24
      Chapter 25
      Chapter 26
      Chapter 27
      Chapter 28
      Chapter 29
      Chapter 30
      Chapter 31
      Bibliography
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